Organisms use raw materials from their surroundings, such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients, to carry out essential life processes. These materials are required for producing energy, building and repairing tissues, maintaining internal balance, and supporting growth and reproduction. For example, plants use carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to make food through photosynthesis, while animals consume food and oxygen to release energy through respiration. Without a continuous supply of these external raw materials, organisms cannot sustain their vital functions or survive.


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